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History of Advance English Grammar

 The history of English grammar is a fascinating journey that spans over a millennium, from the early medieval period to the modern era. The evolution of English grammar has been shaped by various factors, including linguistic influences from other languages, social changes, and technological advancements. In this essay, we will explore the key milestones in the development of English grammar, from its origins to the present day. Old English (c. 450-1150 AD) The history of English grammar begins with Old English, which was spoken in England from around the mid-5th century to the mid-12th century. Old English was a highly inflected language, meaning that it used a system of word endings to indicate grammatical relationships. For example, the word "hund" (dog) could be inflected to "hundes" (of the dog) or "hunde" (to the dog). Old English also had a complex system of noun and verb endings, which indicated case, number, and tense. Middle English (c. 1150-150...
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Have and have got

 Have and have got (= possess, own, etc.)  We can use have got rather than have alone. So you can Say:  We have a new car.     or  We've got a new car. Nancy has two sisters. or Nancy has got two sisters.  We also use have or have got for illnesses, pains, etc:  I have a headache. or I've got a headache. In questions and negative sentences there are two possible forms:  Do you have any money? l don't have any money.  Have you got any money? I haven't got any money.  Does she have a car? She doesn't have a car.  Has she got a car? She hasn't got a car.  When have means "possess, etc., you cannot use continuous forms (is having / are having, etc.):  I have / I've got a headache. (not Im having)  For the past we use had (without got):  Ann had long blond hair when she was a child.  In past questions and past negative sentences we use did/didn't:  Did they have a car when they were living in...
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Paste Perfect (I had done)

 A  Study this example situation:  Sarah went to a party last week. Eric went to the Bye! Hello! party, too, but they didn't see each other. Eric left the party at 10:30, and Sarah got there at 11:00. So: When Sarah got to the party, Eric wasn't there.  He had gone home.  Had gone is the past perfect (simple):                                                 (= l'd, etc.)                                                                                      gone  /we/they/you had (= he'd, etc.) seen  he/she/it                                ...
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Present perfect and paste (l have done and I did)

     Unit 12. Present Perfect and Past ( have done and I did)    A  It is often possible to use the present perfect (I have done) or the simple past (I did). For  example, you can say:  I've lost my key. Have you seen it? or I lost my key. Did you see it?  But do not use the present perfect when you talk about a finished time (for example, yesterday / ten minutes ago / in 1985). Use the simple past:  I lost my key yesterday. (not I've lost)  It was very hot last summer. (not has been)  They arrived ten minutes ago. (not have arrived)  "Did you see the news on TV last night?" "No, I went to bed early."  Use the simple past to ask When... ? or What time...?:  What time / When did you finish work yesterday? (not have you finished)  B  Do not use the present perfect if there is no connection with the present (for example, things that hat happened a long time ago):  The Chinese invented printing. (not h...
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For and since, When...?, and How long...?

Unit.  11  For and since, When...?, and How long...? A  We use for and since to say how long something has been happening:  We use for + a period of time (two hours, six weeks, etc.): I've been waiting for two hours.                               for two hours                                      for two hours a week a long time 20 minutes six months ages five days 50 years years We use since + the start of a period (8:00. Monday, 1985, etc.): I've been waiting since 8:00.                             since 8:00                                  since 8:00 April lunchtime Monday 1977 I arrived  May 12 Christmas yesterday Kelly has been working h...
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Unit. 10 How long have you (been)...?

UNIT. 11  How long have you (been)...?  A  Study this example situation:  Bob and Alice are married. They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary.  They have been married for 20 years.  We say, They are married." (present)  but      How long have they been married? (present perfect) (not How long are they married?)  They have been married for 20 years. (not They are married for 20 years.)  We use the present perfect (especially with how long, for, and since) to talk about something that began in the past and still continues now. Compare the present and the present perfect.            We know each other very well.  but   We've known each other since we were in high school. (not We know)  Do you have a pain in your stomach? but      How long have you had the pain? (not How long do you have)  I'm learning English.b but I...
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