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UNIT 8. Present Perfect (2) (I have done)

 


A

 Study this example conversation: 
Dave: Haye you traveled a lot, Jane? 
Jane: Yes, I've been to lots of places.
Dave: Really? Have you ever been to China? Jane's: Yes, I've been to China twice. (a period until now)
Dave: What about India?
Jane: No, I haven't been to India. 

   When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use the present perfect (have been / have traveled, etc.). Here, Dave and Jane are talking about the
 places Jane has visited in her life (which is a period that continues until now). 

Some more examples:

  •  Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your      life) We've never had a car.
  •  "Have you read Hamlet?" «No, I haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays."
  •  Susan really loves that movie. She's seen it eight times!
  •  What a boring movie! It's the most boring movie I've ever seen. been (to) = visited:
  •  I've never been to China. Have you been there?       
Here are more examples of speakers talking about a period that continues until now (recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast, etc.):
  •  Have you heard from Brian recently?
  •  I've met a lot of people in the last few days.                  (recently)
  •  Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.                                                        (in the last few days)
  •  I'm hungry. I haven't caten anything since breakfast.(= from breakfast until now)                          (since breakfast)
  •  It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time.                                                 (past)
                                                                               

B

We use the present perfect with today / this morning / this evening, etc., when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking:

  •  I've drunk four cups of coffee today.  (today)
  •  Have you had vacation this year?
  •  I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you?              (   past                      now)
  

C

We say, “It's the first time something has happened" (present perfect). For example:

 Don is taking a driving lesson. It's his first one.It's the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) 
 or.    He has never driven a car before.
  •  Sarah has lost her passport again. It's the second time this has happened. (not happens)
  •  Eric is calling his girlfriend again. This is the third time he's called her tonight. Unit

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